Identifying fundamental drivers of science and developing predictive models to capture its evolution are instrumental for the design of policies that can improve the scientific enterprise, from enhanced career paths for scientists, to improved performance evaluation for organizations hosting research, to discovery of novel effective funding vehicles, and even identification of promising regions along the scientific frontier. Science of science uses largescale data on the production of science to search for universal as well as domain-specific patterns. Here we review recent developments in this transdisciplinary field.